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补笔谈卷一(5/5)

一字;夹钟商,今为高大石调,用一字;夹钟角、夹钟羽、姑洗宫商,今燕乐皆无;姑洗角,今为大石角,用凡字;姑洗羽,今为高平调,用一字;中吕宫,今为道调宫,用上字;中吕商,今为双调,用上字;中吕角,今为高大石角,用六字;中吕羽,今为仙吕调,用上字;蕤宾宫、商、羽、角,今燕乐皆无;林钟宫,今为南吕宫,用尺字;林钟商,今为小石调,用尺字;林钟角,今为双角,用四字;林钟羽,今为大吕调,用尺字;夷则宫,今为仙吕宫,用工字;夷则商、角、羽、南吕宫,今燕乐皆无;南吕商,今为歇指调,用工字;南吕角,今为小石角,用一字;南吕羽,今为般涉调,用四字;无射宫,今为黄钟宫,用凡字;无射商,今为林钟商,用凡字;无射角,今燕乐无;无射羽,今为高般涉调,用凡字;应钟宫、应钟商,今燕乐皆无;应钟角,今为歇指角,用尺字;应钟羽,今燕乐无。

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按以往的规定,馆职自馆阁校勘以上,除非特别授予者都要先经过考试,只有检讨一职是不经过考试就任命的。这是由于初置检讨官,只是作为一种差遣(实际职务)安置的,并没有把此职列入馆职的缘故。后来检讨官也加给职钱,与其他官带馆职的已没有区别,级别在校勘之上,而仍然沿承旧例不考试。

北宋太平兴国年间,琴待诏朱文济弹琴技艺天下第一。京城僧人慧日大师夷中完全学到了朱文济的技法,将弹琴技法传授给了越地的僧人义海。义海全面掌握了夷中的弹琴技艺,于是来到越州法华山中潜心练习,谢绝人际交往,累计十年不曾下山,白天黑夜手不离弦,终于掌握了弹琴的奥秘。各地师从义海学习弹琴的人会聚而至,但是没有人能够完全达到义海的水平。义海现在已经老了,他的弹琴技法就此失传了。义海爱好读书,能写文章,士大夫们多与之交游,然而唯独以擅长弹琴而闻名。义海的琴艺不仅仅在于声音,那种蕴涵于琴音之外的冷静深邃的意韵,是一般人所无法达到的。

古代用来演奏音乐的钟都是扁的,像是两片瓦对合起来的样子。这大概是因为圆的钟敲起来余音长,扁的钟敲起来余音短。余音短就容易形成节奏,圆钟敲起来声音长,因而余音也长。遇到节奏快的地方,长长的余音就会相互干扰,造成杂乱。后代的人们不明白这个道理,都把钟做成圆的,敲快了的时候,就会发出“晃晃”的声音,无法再分辨声音的高低清浊了。

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