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小司寇

小司寇之职,掌外朝之政,以致万民而询焉。一曰询国危,二曰询国迁,三曰询立君。其位,王南乡,三公及州长、百姓北面,群臣西面,群吏东面,小司寇摈以叙进而问焉,以众辅声明而弊谋。以五刑听万民之狱讼,附于刑,用情讯之。至于旬,乃弊之,读书,则用法。凡命夫命妇不躬坐狱讼,凡王之同族有罪不即市。以五声听狱讼,求民情:一曰辞听,二曰se听,三曰气听,四曰耳听,五曰目听。以八辟丽bang法,附刑罚:一曰议亲之辟,二曰议故之辟,三曰议贤之辟,四曰议能之辟,五曰议功之辟,六曰议贵之辟,七曰议勤之辟,八曰议宾之辟。以三刺断庶民狱讼之中:一曰讯群臣,二曰讯群吏,三曰讯万民,听民之所刺宥,以施上服下服之刑。及大比,登民数,自生齿以上,登于天府,内史、司会、冢宰贰之,以制国用。小祭祀,奉犬牲。凡禋祀五帝,实镬水,纳亨,亦如之。大宾客,前王而辟。后、世子之丧,亦如之。小师,莅戮。凡国之大事,使其属跸。孟冬,祀司民,献民数于王,戋拜受之,以图国用而进退之。岁终,则令群士计狱弊讼,登中于天府。正岁,帅其属而观刑象,令以木铎曰:「不用法者,国用常刑。」令群士,乃宣布于四方,宪刑禁,乃命其属入会,乃致事。

译文

小司寇的职责,掌guan有关外朝的事务,召集民众而征询他们的意见:一是当国家有危难的时候征询他们的意见,二是当国家要迁都的时候征询他们的意见,三是当国家需选立嗣君的时候征询他们的意见。外朝的朝位:王面朝南而立,三公和州长、百姓面朝北而立,群臣面朝西而立,群吏面朝东而立。小司寇揖请他们依次进前而[接受王的]征询,用众人的智慧辅助王的思虑而进行谋断。

用五刑审断民众的诉讼,对于那些chu2犯刑律的案件,又用情理加以审断,到十天后才判决,[行刑时]宣读罪状之后就施用刑罚。  凡命夫、命妇,审判时不亲自到场对坐受审。凡是王的同族人有罪,不到市朝行刑。

依据五个方面来听断诉讼,求得诉讼人的实情:一是依据言辞听断,二是依据神se听断,三是依据气息听断,四是依据听觉听断,五是依据yan神听断。

用八zhong议罪法附以王国的八法[来议论减罪],[而后再]附诸刑罚:一是对王的亲族的议罪法,二是对王的故旧的议罪法,三是对廉吏的议罪法,四是对有dao艺者的议罪法,五是对有大功勋者的议罪法,六是对地位尊贵者的议罪法,七是对勤劳国事者的议罪法,八是对宾客的议罪法。

通过三次讯问来使对平民诉讼的审断正确无误:一是讯问群臣,二是讯问群吏,三是讯问民众。听从他们的意见来决定诛杀或从宽,决定施用重刑或轻刑。到进行大校比的时候,登记人民[及财产]数,自生齿的婴儿以上[都登记],上报给天府。内史、司会、冢宰收取副本,据以制定国家的财政计划。

举行小祭祀,负责奉进犬牲。凡用裎祀祭祀五帝,负责给镬中添水。到[祭祀那天黎明王牵牲]行纳亨礼的时候,也负责给镬中添水。接待来朝的诸侯,为王zuo前导并清除行人。为王后或太子举办丧事时也这样zuo。举行小规模军事行动,就亲临监视[在军社前对犯令的将士]行刑。凡王国有大事,就派属吏禁止闲人通行。冬十月祭祀司民的时候,把人民数呈献给王,王行拜礼而后接受,据以计划国家开支的增减。[夏历]年终,就命令司法官们统计已审结的案件数,把统计的簿书报送天府。

[夏历]正月初一,率领下属观看刑法,摇响木铎命令说:“不遵守刑法的,国家有常设的刑罚在!”[又把这话来]命令遂士、县士、方士、讶士等。接着又向四方宣布刑法,并将五禁的条文悬挂公布。命令下属呈报[记录所审理案件的]簿书,上报给王。

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